Libel refers to which of the following?

Libel specifically refers to written defamation, which occurs when false statements are made in a written form that damage an individual's reputation. This can include anything from published articles to social media posts that contain defamatory information. The crucial aspect of libel is that it is verifiable and presented in a permanent form, allowing the defamed party to more easily show the damage caused by the statements.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately define libel. Verbal defamation, for instance, is classified as slander rather than libel. Physical injury and emotional harm pertain to different aspects of personal injury law, rather than defamation. Thus, understanding the clear distinction of libel as written defamation is essential in the context of defamation laws and personal injury cases.